Hummel wrote this concerto in December 1803, on taking up the Kapellmeister post at Esterháza that Haydn had held before him, for the court trumpeter Anton Weidinger and his keyed trumpet — the same player and the same instrument for which Haydn had written four years earlier. It was first played on New Year's Day 1804. Hummel set it in E major; because the keyed trumpet fell out of use and modern instruments favour flat keys, it is almost always transposed down a semitone to E flat. The score was rediscovered and published only in the twentieth century.