Verdi wrote Attila for La Fenice in Venice during the years he later called his time in the galleys, and was seriously ill through much of the work; Temistocle Solera abandoned the libretto midway, leaving Francesco Maria Piave to finish it from Zacharias Werner's German play. The premiere on 17 March 1846 drew its political charge from a single line — you may have the universe, but leave Italy to me — which Venetian audiences applied to Austrian rule. The score is compact and blunt, and treats the bass in the title role less as a barbarian than as a man undone by dreams.