Vietnam

Nhã nhạc, Vietnamese court music developed under the Nguyễn emperors, is performed in Huế and was recognised by UNESCO in 2003. Ca trù, sung by a female vocalist with the phách clappers, the đàn đáy lute and a listener's praise drum, entered UNESCO's list for urgent safeguarding in 2009. Quan họ is a northern Vietnamese tradition in which female and male groups exchange songs, drawing on an established repertoire. The Hanoi Opera House, built by the French administration in 1901–1911 on the model of the Palais Garnier, seats 598.