United States

Jazz took shape in New Orleans through interaction among African-American, Creole and other musical communities before spreading to cities including Chicago. Blues was already part of the city's music in the late nineteenth century. John Knowles Paine established the music department at Harvard. Charles Ives and Aaron Copland drew on American folk material. George Gershwin wrote his own spirituals and folk songs for Porgy and Bess. The Metropolitan Opera, founded in 1883, moved to Lincoln Center in 1966. Carnegie Hall opened in 1891, funded by Andrew Carnegie.